Pambuyo pakuyesa kwa chimfine cha nkhumba ku Africa ndi mliri wa dzombe ku East Africa, mliri watsopano wa chibayo wa korona ukukulitsa kukwera kwamitengo yazakudya padziko lonse lapansi ndi vuto la kagayidwe kake, ndipo zitha kulimbikitsa kusintha kosatha pamayendedwe othandizira.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito chifukwa cha chibayo chatsopano cha korona, kusokonezeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kakeZochita za maboma ena zoletsa kutumizidwa kunja kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zapakhomo zingapangitse kuti zinthu ziipireipire.
Pamsonkhano wapaintaneti wokonzedwa ndi Globalization Think Tank (CCG), a Matthew Kovac, wamkulu wa Food Industry Association of Asia (FIA), adauza mtolankhani waku China Business News kuti vuto lalifupi lakatundu wogula ndikugula kwa ogula. zizolowezi.Zosinthazi zakhudza makampani odyetserako zakudya zakale;m'kupita kwa nthawi, makampani akuluakulu azakudya atha kupanga zopanga m'malo.
Mayiko osauka kwambiri ndiwo akukhudzidwa kwambiri
Malinga ndi zomwe zatulutsidwa kumene ndi World Bank, mayiko 50 omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mliri watsopano wa chibayo amakhala pafupifupi 66% yazakudya padziko lonse lapansi.Gawoli limachokera ku 38% pazakudya zomwe amakonda monga fodya mpaka 75% yamafuta anyama ndi masamba, zipatso zatsopano ndi nyama.Kugulitsanso zakudya zofunika kwambiri monga chimanga, tirigu ndi mpunga kumadaliranso kwambiri mayikowa.
Mayiko omwe amalima kwambiri mbewu imodzi akukumananso ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa cha mliriwu.Mwachitsanzo, dziko la Belgium ndi limodzi mwa mayiko amene amagulitsa mbatata kunja.Chifukwa cha blockade, Belgium sanangotaya malonda chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa malo odyera am'deralo, koma kugulitsa kumayiko ena aku Europe kudayimitsidwanso chifukwa cha blockade.Ghana ndi amodzi mwa mayiko ogulitsa koko padziko lonse lapansi.Pamene anthu adangoganizira zogula zofunikira m'malo mwa chokoleti panthawi ya mliri, dzikolo lidataya misika yonse yaku Europe ndi Asia.
Katswiri wamkulu wazachuma ku World Bank Michele Ruta ndi ena adanenanso mu lipotilo kuti ngati kudwala kwa ogwira ntchito komanso kufunikira kwapanthawi yolumikizana ndi anthu kungakhudzire kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaulimi zomwe zikufunika anthu ambiri, ndiye kuti pambuyo pa kufalikira kwa kotala, chakudya chotumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi. zitha kuchepetsedwa ndi 6% mpaka 20%, ndipo kutumizidwa kunja kwa zakudya zofunika kwambiri, kuphatikiza mpunga, tirigu ndi mbatata, zitha kutsika ndi 15%.
Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa European Union University Institute (EUI), Global Trade Alert (GTA) ndi World Bank, pofika kumapeto kwa Epulo, mayiko ndi madera opitilira 20 akhazikitsa ziletso zamtundu wina pazakudya kunja.Mwachitsanzo, Russia ndi Kazakhstan akhazikitsa ziletso zofananira zogulitsa tirigu, ndipo India ndi Vietnam ayika ziletso zofananira zogulitsa mpunga.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mayiko ena akufulumizitsa kuitanitsa chakudya kuchokera kunja kuti asunge chakudya.Mwachitsanzo, dziko la Philippines likudya mpunga ndipo dziko la Egypt lili ndi tirigu.
Pamene mitengo yazakudya ikukwera chifukwa cha vuto la mliri wa chibayo chatsopano, boma litha kufunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zamalonda kuti zikhazikike mitengo yapakhomo.Kutetezedwa kwa chakudya kwamtunduwu kumawoneka ngati njira yabwino yoperekera mpumulo kwa magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, koma kukhazikitsidwa kwanthawi imodzi kwa njira zoterezi ndi maboma ambiri kungapangitse mitengo yazakudya padziko lonse lapansi kukwera kwambiri, monga momwe zidalili mu 2010-2011.Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa World Bank, m'gawo lotsatira kufalikira kwa mliriwu, kukwera kwa ziletso zogulitsa kunja kudzachititsa kuti chakudya chapadziko lonse chitsike ndi 40.1%, pomwe mitengo yazakudya padziko lonse lapansi ikwera pafupifupi 12.9. %.Mitengo ikuluikulu ya nsomba, oats, masamba ndi tirigu idzakwera ndi 25% kapena kupitilira apo.
Zotsatira zoyipa izi zidzatengedwa makamaka ndi mayiko osauka kwambiri.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa World Economic Forum, m'mayiko osauka kwambiri, chakudya chimapanga 40% -60% ya zomwe amadya, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi 5-6 nthawi za chuma chapamwamba.Nomura Securities' Food Vulnerability Index ili m'maiko ndi zigawo 110 kutengera chiwopsezo cha kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwamitengo yazakudya.Deta yaposachedwa ikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi mayiko onse a 50 ndi zigawo zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chowonjezereka kwamitengo yazakudya Chuma chotukuka chomwe chimapangitsa pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa asanu mwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi.Mwa iwo, mayiko omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri omwe amadalira chakudya chochokera kunja ndi Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Yemen ndi Cuba.Mtengo wapakati wazakudya m'maikowa udzakwera ndi 15% mpaka 25.9%.Pankhani ya mbewu monga chimanga, chiwonjezeko chamitengo m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene komanso maiko osatukuka kwambiri omwe amadalira chakudya chochokera kunja chidzakhala chokwera mpaka 35.7%.
"Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta pazakudya padziko lonse lapansi.Kuwonjezera pa mliri wamakono, palinso kusintha kwa nyengo ndi zifukwa zina.Ndikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pothana ndi vutoli. ”Mtsogoleri wa International Food Policy Research Institute a Johan Swinnen adauza atolankhani a CBN kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchepetsa kudalira gwero limodzi logulira."Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mungopeza gawo lalikulu la chakudya chochokera kudziko limodzi, njira zoperekera zakudyazi ndizowopsa.Chifukwa chake, ndi njira yabwino yopangira ndalama zopangira ndalama kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana.“Iye anatero.
Momwe mungasinthire magawo osiyanasiyana
Mu Epulo, nyumba zophera nyama zingapo ku US komwe antchito adatsimikizira milandu adakakamizika kutseka.Kuphatikiza pa kukhudzika kwachindunji kwa kuchepa kwa 25% kwa nkhumba za nkhumba, zidayambitsanso zovuta zina monga nkhawa za kufunikira kwa chakudya cha chimanga.Lipoti laposachedwa la "World Agricultural Supply and Demand Forecast Report" lomwe lidatulutsidwa ndi dipatimenti yazaulimi ku US likuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwazakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2019-2020 zitha kukhala pafupifupi 46% ya chimanga chomwe chimafunikira ku United States.
"Kutsekedwa kwa fakitale chifukwa cha mliri watsopano wa chibayo ndizovuta kwambiri.Ngati yatsekedwa kwa masiku ochepa chabe, fakitaleyo imatha kuletsa kutayika kwake.Komabe, kuyimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa kupanga sikumangopangitsa mapurosesa kukhala opanda pake, komanso kumapangitsa omwe amawagulitsa kukhala chipwirikiti. ”Anatero a Christine McCracken, katswiri wamkulu pamakampani opanga mapuloteni a nyama ku Rabobank.
Kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kwa chibayo chatsopano cha korona kwakhala ndi zovuta zingapo pazakudya zapadziko lonse lapansi.Kuchokera pakugwira ntchito kwa mafakitale a nyama ku United States mpaka kuthyola zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ku India, ziletso zakuyenda m'malire zasokonezanso momwe alimi amalima pakanthawi kochepa.Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya The Economist, United States ndi Ulaya amafunikira antchito oposa 1 miliyoni ochokera ku Mexico, North Africa ndi Eastern Europe chaka chilichonse kuti agwire ntchito yokolola, koma tsopano vuto la kusowa kwa ntchito likukulirakulira.
Pamene kukukhala kovuta kuti zinthu zaulimi zinyamulidwe kupita ku mafakitale okonza zinthu ndi misika, minda yambiri imayenera kutaya kapena kuwononga mkaka ndi zakudya zatsopano zomwe sizingatumizedwe kumalo opangira zinthu.Bungwe la Agricultural Products Marketing Association (PMA), gulu lazamalonda ku United States, linanena kuti zoposa madola 5 biliyoni a zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zawonongeka, ndipo mafakitale ena a mkaka ataya magaloni masauzande a mkaka.
Mmodzi mwamakampani akuluakulu azakudya ndi zakumwa padziko lonse lapansi, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Unilever R&D, Carla Hilhorst, adauza atolankhani a CBN kuti njira zogulitsira ziyenera kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwambiri.
"Tiyenera kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwachulukidwe komanso kusiyanasiyana, chifukwa pano kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kupanga kwathu kumadalira zosankha zochepa."Silhorst adati, "Pazinthu zathu zonse, kodi pali chopangira chimodzi chokha?, Ndi angati ogulitsa omwe ali, omwe amapangidwa kuti apangidwe, ndipo ndi omwe amapangira zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira pangozi yaikulu?Kuyambira pazifukwa izi, tikufunikabe kugwira ntchito zambiri. ”
Kovac adauza atolankhani a CBN kuti kwakanthawi kochepa, kukonzanso kwa njira yoperekera zakudya ndi mliri watsopano wa chibayo kukuwonekera pakusintha kwachangu pakupereka zakudya pa intaneti, zomwe zakhudza kwambiri makampani azakudya ndi zakumwa.
Mwachitsanzo, malonda a McDonald's ku Europe atsika ndi pafupifupi 70%, ogulitsa akuluakulu adagawanso, kugulitsa kwa e-commerce ku Amazon kudakwera ndi 60%, ndipo Wal-Mart adachulukitsa anthu 150,000.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, Kovac adati: "Mabizinesi atha kufunafuna zopanga zambiri m'tsogolomu.Bizinesi yayikulu yokhala ndi mafakitale angapo ingachepetse kudalira kwake kwapadera pafakitale inayake.Ngati kupanga kwanu kukuchitika m'maiko amodzi, mutha kuganizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga ogulitsa olemera kapena makasitomala. ”
"Ndikukhulupirira kuti mayendedwe amakampani opanga zakudya omwe ali okonzeka kuyika ndalama adzakwera.Mwachiwonekere, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama panthawiyi kudzakhala ndi zotsatira pa ntchito, koma ndikuganiza ngati mutayang'ana mmbuyo ku 2008 (kuperekedwa chifukwa cha zoletsedwa za zakudya zogulitsa kunja m'mayiko ena) Pakakhala vuto), makampani ogulitsa zakudya ndi zakumwa okonzeka kuyika ndalama ayenera kuti awona kukula kwa malonda, kapena bwino kwambiri kuposa makampani omwe sanayikepo ndalama. ”Kovac adauza mtolankhani wa CBN.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-06-2021